Swaging-machine.



No. 77,19v. PATENTED 00T. 25, 1.904.

R. GRAWSHAW.

SWAGING MACHINE.

APPLICATION 'FILED DBO. 4, 1902.

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SWAGING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED DBOA, 1902.

No IIIUDEL.

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fzzvnzor @Maw PATENTED OCT. 25, 1904. R. CRAWSHAW. SWAGING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED 1520.4, 1902.

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No MODEL.

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PATENTBD OCT. 25, 1904.

R. GRAWSHAW. SWAGING MACHINE.

APPLIGATION FILED No.4, 1902.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

N0 MODEL.

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t'orneys UNITED STATES I Patented October 25, 1904.

PATENT OFFICE.

RICHARD ORAIVSHAIV, OF PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO HENRY G. WASSON, OF PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA.

swAGlNG-MAGH'INE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters PatentNo. 773,197, dated October K25, 1904,

Application filed December 4, 1902. Serial No. 133,843. (No model.)

To 10N, '1l/hom, t puny concern:

Be it known that I, RICHARD ORAwsHAW,

a resident of Pittsburg, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Swaging-ivfachines; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description thereof.

My invention relates to swaging or pressing apparatus, and more especially to apparatus for swaging down or reducing tubular blanks in forming seamless or other tubes; but it is not limited thereto, as it may be used for swaging solid as well as tubular blanks.

The object of my invention is to provide apparatus for this purpose in which there is not the lost energy present in apparatus heretofore used, which does not impose such a severe strain on the metal as prior apparatus, thus making' it possible to utilize a lower grade of steel in the manufacture of seamless tubes, and which will swage down the tube much more expeditiously than prior apparatus, thus making it possible within the heat of the billet to swage down much longer tubes and to a thinner gag'e than has heretofore been possible.

A further object of my invention is to provide rotating and feeding mechanism for the blank which acts automatically and constantly so as to quickly feed the billet forward and rotate the same as soon as released by the swages.

- In the manufacture of seamless metal tubing' a tubular blank is provided either by piercing asolid billet by suitable mechanismsuch, for instance, as conical or disk-shaped rolls, a power-press provided with a plunger, or the likeor else by casting the metal in the form of a hollow blank. According to one method of procedure the hollow blank when properly heated -is swaged down to approach the gage of the finished tube. This swaging has heretofore been done over a mandrel and between a pair of rolls provided on their peripheries with -a pair of swages, one on each roll, these swages having concave working faces' extending' eccentrically with relation to the-axis of the rolls and which at each rotation of the rolls strike or squeeze the tubular blank and reduce the same. The swages being fixed to the rolls can give but a single blow or pressure to the blank for each rotation of the rolls, thus resulting in much lost energy during the interval the swag'es are out of action. Furthermore, as the swages can give but a single blow to the blank at each revolution of the rolls and as the speed of the latter must necessarily be limited for practical reasons it follows that it requires considerable time to swage down the blank for an ordinary-length tube. As this operation can be continued only for a definite time before the blank cools too much for the swaging operation, it follows that there is a limit to the length of the tube produced and also to the gage to which the tube can be reduced. It has never been possible with prior apparatus to swage tubes down to theiinished gage; but it has been necessary to cold-draw the tube several times to get it to finished gage.

In prior apparatus of this kind in most common use the blank and mandrel have been fed forward by means of a movable carriage, and between the strokes of the swag'e the blank has been given a partial rotation or turn, this being done by hand. The swages being carried by the rolls must be made to act in a direction contrary to the feed of the blank and flow of the` metal. As a consequence they strike the billet a sharp violent blow and drive the same backward, thus subjecting the feeding-carriage to a very severe strain and placing the operator in considerable danger of injury. The feeding' and rotating' mechanism not acting automatically, it is not possible with prior apparatus to feed the billet forward and rotate the same the instantthat the blank is released by the swages, so that necessarily the swage-rolls must be given a sufciently slow speed so that the swages will not again grip the blank until it has been properly rotated and fed forward. This is a further element limiting the rapidity of reduction of the blank. By reason of the swages being carried by the rolls they strike the blank a violent blow atan angle and carry the metal in a direction contrary to the flow thereof. As a consequence the metal is not given the proper physical treatment and is subjected to such a strain that only the highest grades of steel can be used.

The object of my invention is to provide swaging or pressing apj'iaratus wherein all of the foregoing defects are overcome and which will quickly and expeditiously reduce the blank without loss of energy, thus making' possible during the heating ol the blank the reduction of a much longer tube and to a thinner gage than has heretofore been possible practically to the linished gage and also making it possible to reduce a blank having comparatively thick walls, thus permitting tlie use of an inferior grade of steel which cannot be pierced with a large hole, since the metal will not stand the strain.

To this end my apparatus comprises a pair of coj'ierating swages mounted so as to rock in suitable bearings in such a manner as to resemble th action of rolls and being adapted to be rocked or oscillated by means of a series of projections on a pair of rolls, so that for each rotation of said rolls the swages will beA given a plurality ot' actuations, thus practically multiplying the number of blows or pressures given the blank by the old form of swaging apparatus by the number of actuating projections on the rolls. In conjunction with these swages Yl provide blank feeding and rotating mechanism which acts constantly and automatically, so that the instant the blank is released by the swages it is rotated and fed forward without loss of time into position to be immediately again acted upon by the swages. This feeding' and rotating mechanism. is provided with yielding or friction elements which yield when the blank is gripped by the swages, but which will immediately feed the same forward and rotate it as soon as released.

1n' the accomjnanying drawings, Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section through the forward part of the apparatus, showing the swages, their su pports,and the actuating-rolls. Fig. 2 is a transverse vertical section of the same. Fig. 8 is a longitudinal vertical section through the entire apparatus, portions being broken away and the swages being shown in a different position from that shown in 1. Fig. i is a similar view of a portion of apparatus, showing the swages in still another position. Fig. 5 is a plan view of the blank feeding and rotating mechanism. Fig. (3 is an end view of the same. Fig. 7 is a. side view of a portion of the housings, rolls, and swages, showing the means for counterbalancing the swages. Fig. 8 is a horizontal section of the same. the swage holder or support. Fig. 10 is a transvere section thereof on the line 10 10,

Fig. 9 is a plan view of l Fig. 9. Fig. 11 is a perspective view of one of the swages, and Fig. 12 is a sectional view of the friction element in the blank feeding and rot-ating mechanisms.

The swaging apparatus is provided with suitable frames or housings 1, which may be ol any desired or suitable construction. Suitably mounted in these housings are a pair of rolls 2 and 3, which may be driven in any suitable manner and which are connected so as to rotate in exact unisonsuch, for instance, as by the spur-gears t and 5. Each of these rolls will be provided on its periphery with a series of projections 6 for actuating' the swages, as will hereinafter appear. The number of these projections may be varied as necessary or desired, six such projectionsbeing shown on each roller. These projections may, if desired, be merely pretuberances on the periphery of the rolls; but for practical reasons it is desirable to make them in the form of rollers or cylinders, as shown, each of which is mounted in a holder 7, which has a seat comprising a little more than a semicircle, so that the roller or cylinder cannot fall out of the same. This seat will be secured in the periphery of the rolls in any suitable way and also will be mounted so as to be adjustable to take up wear and the like. I therefore prefer to form the roll of a main central body 9 and two collars 10, one on each side thereof, which collars are bound to the body by means of bolts 11. The main body will be provided with suitable recesses for receiving the holders 7, and the latter will be provided with projections 12 on their ends, taking into recesses in the collars, so that said holders cannot fall out of the roll. Each of the holders is backed by means of a tapering wedge .13, having its inner tapered surfaces bearing against a tapered surface in the roll and provided with suitable means--such, for instance, as the nuts 14r-for moving said wedges longitudinally. By these means the cylinders 6 are capable of being adjusted to take up wear and the like.

Between the rollers 2 and 3 and suitably secured to the housings is the swage-support 16. This may be of various shapes and forms, that shown in the drawings comprising an end member 17, side members 18, integral thcrewith, and an end member 19, bolted to said side members. The projecting' portions 2O are bolted or otherwise secured to the housings 1. Each of the end members 17 and 19 is provided with an opening for the passage of the blank and tube. The side and end members leave a substantially rectangular opening 21, in which the swages are mounted.

The swages themselves are shown at 22, and they each comprise a casting provided with a concave working face 23, formed slightly inclined on tbe entrance side, as shown at L3, and on the exit side formed practically on the TOO IIS

arc of a circle, as shown at 24. The edges of said swages 25 at the sides of the working faces are formed as arcs of a circle, preferably struck about the centers f the rolls 2 and 3; but this is not essential, as any other radius will answer. The faces 25 of the swages are adapted to be in contact, as shown in Figs. 1

-tering onto the surfaces 28 of the swageholders, while in Fig. 1 the position of the swag'es is shown when said projections have reached the centers of the concave surfaces and in Fig. 4 when they are about to leave the swages.

The swages and swage-holders might of course be made in one single piece instead of two, as shown; but the latter construction is preferable. In order tolimit the rocking movement of the swages, the end members of the swage-holders are provided with projections 29, which lie in the path of movement of the ends of the swag-es and against which the swage ends contact on the limit of their rocking movement. Inasmuch as when one set of projections 6 leaves the swages said swages will be in a position with their forward ends elevated, as shown in Fig. 4, it is essential in order that the next set of projections 6 properly pass onto the same to iirst depress the forward ends of said swages. This- I accomplish by forming inclined or cam surfaces 30 on the rollers 2 and 3 in advance 0f each projection 6, which inclined surfaces ride onto the forward ends of the swages and depress the same, so that the projections 6 can readily7 pass onto the curved surfaces 28.

In order to prevent the lower swages from dropping down onto the lower roller and the upper swages from dropping down onto the lower swage, I provide means for counterbalancing these swages, so as to hold them up or away from the lower roller. This counterbalancing mechanism may be of various forms. l have shown the swage-holders provided with projections or pins 32, projecting into grooves 33 on the inner faces of the side members 18 of the swage-hoider. These prcjections rest in seats or boxes 34, located in the grooves 33 of the side members of the swage-holders, and these boxes or seats in turn rest upon small plates 35, one end of which is connected to the inner end of a short rock-shaft 36, extending out through suitable openings 37 in the side members of the swageholder. To the outer ends of these rockshafts are connected suitable levers 88, which will be counterbalanced in any suitable way, such as by means of weights, but preferably by means of springs 89, Vas shown. This counterbalancing mechanism holds the swages up so that the working faces of said swages will always be `in line with the axis of the blank and the latter will not have to raise said swages, thus giving a freer feed to the blank.

The passage of each pair of projections 6 over the inclined surfaces of the swages rocks them and gives them a movement resembling that of two rolls, thus swaging or pressing down a portion of the blank. For each rotation of the rolls 2 and 3 as many pressures or reductions will be given to the blank as there are projections 6 on each roll. It is therefore possible by having a suitable number of projections on the rolls to reduce the blank several times more rapidly than with the old apparatus. It is therefore possible to reduce the tube to a' thinner gage than with the old apparatus and also successfully reduce a longer tube, as well as a blank having thick walls and a small hole,- as is the case with pierced billets of low-grade steel. The action of the swages on the blank is practically a rolling one, and hence is not as violent as that of the old apparatus. There is not, therefore, the same liability of tearing the metal, and for this reason also a lower grade of steel can be worked.

Between the actions of the swages on the blank the latter must be fed forward and slightly rotated, and inasmuch as the interval between the projection 6 will be made as short as possible in order to get the quickest possible reduction of the tube it is necessary to have feeding apparatus which will instantly rotate and feed forward the blank. To accomplish this, the blank 40 is placed upon a mandrel 41. The latter is surrounded by a hollow spindle 42, journaled in the frame 45 andprovided with teeth 43, which engage the blank and rotate the same. The spindle 42 at its forward end passes through a suitable carriage 43, which ispguided in ways 44 in the frame or housing 45 and is moved longitudinally therewith by having a shoulder against which the carriage bears. The mandrel itself is held against longitudinal movement, as by having a head 47 on its rear end bearing against the frame 45. It is, however, free to rotate with the blank. The carriage 43 and spindle 42 slide back and forth along the mandrel. As the tube is being swaged it is pushed off the front end of the mandrel, and no stripping of the mandrel is necessary at the end of the swaging. In the housing 45 below the mandrel 41 and spindle 42 is mounted a shaft 47, which may be driven in any suitable way-as, for instance, by the gear 48. The carriage 43 has a depending portion embracing the ITO shaft a7, and in said (,lepending portion is the spur-gear at), which is splined to the shaft 47, so that it can move with the carriage 43. The gear 49 meshes with a similar gear 50 on the spindle 2. Either one or the other of these gears, preferably the latter, will be attached to its shaft, so as to yield, this being best accomplished by providing an ordinary friction connection between theshaft andthe gear. As shown in the drawings, the g'ear 50 is provided with a hub 51, 'having a tapering' inner face. Between the shaft and this face is a suitable conical or tapered bushing or wedges 52, Fig. 1Q, which can be moved in and out in order to adjust the frictional grip between the gear and the shaft. Various friction devices of this kind are well known and that shown in the drawings illustrative merely. This friction device will be so adjusted that when the swag'es grip the blank the gear 5() will sli p on the spindle 42, thus permitting the latter to remain stationary; but as soon as the swages release the blank the friction will be suilicient to rotate the spindle a2, thus giving the necessary rotation to the blank. Y

The longitudinal feed of the carriage 43 may be given by any suitable mechanism4 such, for instance, as the rack 54, formed on or secured to said carriage and engaged by a suitable gear on a shaft 56. To the outer end of the latter is secured another gear 57, meshing' with a driving-gear 58. Substantially the same friction or yielding' mechanism above described will be supplied in this train of gearing-for instance, in the hub of the gear :")Tfso that when the blank is being gripped by the swages this driving mechanism will yield or slip, but as soon as the blank is released by the swages it will feed the blank forward. It will be understood, however, that any form of yieldingor friction means may be used in the gearing' for rotating' the spindle and for feeding' the same forward.

It will be observed that by means of my swaging' mechanism the blank is given a comparatively large number of reductions for each rotation of the swage-actuating' rolls, depending upon the number of projections G upon each roll. These projections 6 can be made so numerous as to practically do away with lost energy and to reduce the billet much more rapidly than with the old apparatus. The greater expedition with which the blank aan be reduced enables me to reduce a much longer tube than has heretofore been possible and also to reduce it to a thinner gage. It is possible by this apparatus to reduce the tubes to practically the finished gage, so that for many classes of work no cold-drawing is necessary, cold-drawing being done only in case greater.strength in the tube is required, thus more greatly reducing the cost of drawing andthe necessary annealing' and pickling' that must take place after cach cold-drawing of the tube. The feeding mechanism is constructed so that it will operate automatically and instalitly, thus dispensing with a workman for this purpose and removing one of the elements of danger that heretofore has existed in apparatus of this kind. The mandrel having' no reciprocating movement, as in the old apparatus, reduces the wear and tear on the feeding' apparatus and causes the tube to be pushed or stripped olf the mandrel as rapidly as it is swaged down.

lVhat l claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. In a swagingmacbine, the combination with a stationary support, of independent cooperating swag'es provided with working faces curved in a plane parallel to the axis of the article operated on, said swages being mounted in said support so as to be capable of rocking about a point intermediate the ends of their working faces, and rotating' members j'n'ovided with means arranged to engage the swages and rock the same.

9.. VIn a swag'ingmachine, the combination with a stationary support, of independent cooperating swages provided with working` faces curved in a plane parallel to the axis of the article operated on, said swages being' mounted in said support on pivots intermediate the ends of their working' faces, and driven rolls each provided with a projection or projections adapted to engage the swages and rock the same on their pivots.

3. In a swaging-machine, the combination with a stationary support, of independent cooperating' swag'es provided with concave working faces inclined -or curved in opposite directions from the center thereof, said swages being mminted in said support on pivots located intermediate the ends of theirv working faces and extending' transversely thereof, and driven rolls each provided with a projection or projections adapted in the rotation of the rolls to engage the swages and rock the same.

et. ln a swaging-machine, the combination with a stationary support, of independent cooperati ng swages provid ed with concave working faces and at the side of said working faces with arch-shaped faces which engage each other, said faces being' curved or inclined in opposite directions from the center thereof, and said swages being mounted in said support on pivots located approximately midway of the length of said faces, and driven rolls provided with a projection or projections adapted in the rotation of the rolls to engage the swages and rock the same.

5. .In a swaging-machine, the combination with a stationary support, of independent cooperating swages provided with working'faces curved in a plane parallel to the axis of the article operated on, and being' provided with curved surfaces on their backs, said swag'es being mounted in said support on pivots io- IOO IOS

IIO

cated intermediate the ends of their Working faces, and driven rolls each provided with a projection or projections adapted to engage the curved surfaces on the backs of said swages and rock the same.

6. In a swaging-machine, the combination with a stationary support, of independent cooperating swages provided with Working'faces curved in a plane parallel to the axis of the article being' operated on, said swages being mounted in said support on pivots located intermediate the ends of their Working faces, driven rolls each provided with a projection or projections adapted in the rotation of the rolls to eng'age the swages and rock the same, and counterbalancing means for said swages.

7. In a swag'ing-machine, the combination.

with a suitable stationary support, of independent coperating swages mounted therein so as to be capable of rocking, driven rolls cach provided with a projection or projections adapted in the rotation of the rolls to engage the swages and rock the same, projections on said s\\'ages, seats on Which said projections rest, and connterbalancing-levers connected to said seats.

8. In a swaging-machine, the combination with suitable housings, of a srvage-support secured to said housing and comprising side members provided with grooves, swages provided `\vith projections extending into said grooves, seats for said projections in said grooves, rock-shafts to which said seats are secured` said rock-shafts extending through the sides of said supports, counterbalancinglevers secured to the outer ends of said rockshafts, and means for rocking said sWages.

9. In a sWaging-machine, the combination with a suitable stationary support, of independent coperating swages mounted in said support so as to be capable of rocking in a plane parallel to the axis of the article operated on, and driven rollers each provided with a projection or projections adapted to engage the swages and rock the same and also provided with inclined or cam surfaces in advance of each projection.

10. In a swaging-machine, the combination with a suitable stationary support, of independent coperating swages mounted in saidA support so as to be capable of rocking in a plane. parallel to the axis of the article operated on, driven rolls each provided with one or more cylinders or rollers adapted to eng'age the swages and rock the same, and means for adjusting said cylinders radially of the rolls. 11. In a sWaging-machine, the combination with the swages and means for actuating the same, of a mandrel held against longitudinal movement and projecting between the swages, blank-feeding means comprising a sleeve longitudinall y movable on the mandrel, and mechanism for advancing said sleeve, said mechanism including a yielding' friction element.

12. In a sWaging-machine, the combination with the swages and means for actuating' the same, of a mandrel held against longitudinal movement and projecting' between the swages, blank-feeding mechanism comprising' a sleeve longitudinally movable on the mandrel, mechanism for advancing said sleeve, said mechanism including gears and a driven shaft, and a friction device for securing' one of said gears to its shaft.

13. In a swaging-machine, the combination with the swages and means for actuating the same, of a mandrel held against longitudinal movement and projecting between the swages, blank-feeding mechanism comprising a longitudinally-movable carriage, a sleeve movable with said carriage and sliding on said mandrel, a rack on said carriage, a gear engaging said rack, and mechanism for driving said gear, said mechanism including a yielding element.

14. In a sWaging-machine, the combination with the swages and means for actuating' the same, of a blanl-rotating device comprising' a rotary member, and mechanism for rotating the same, said/mechanism including a yielding element.

15. In a swaging-machine, the combination with the swages and means for actuating the same., of a blank-rotating mechanism comprising a rotary member, mechanism for rotating the same comprising gears and a driven shaft, and a friction device for securing one of said gears to its shaft.

16. Ina sWaging-machine, the combination with the swages and means for actuating' the same, of a blank-feeding' mechanism comprising a longitudinally-movable member, mechanism for advancing the same, said mechanism including a yielding' element, a rotary member mounted in said longitudinally-movable member, and mechanism for rotating said rotary member, said mechanism including a yielding element.

17. In a tube-swaging machine, the combination with the swages and means for actuating' the same, of a mandrel held against longitudinal movement and projecting between the swages, a sleeve for engaging the blank'and slidably mounted on the mandrel, and automatic mechanism for both advancing and rotating said sleeve.

18. In a tube-swaging machine, the combi nation with the swages and means for actuating the same, of a mandrel held against longitudinal movement and projecting between the swages, means for engaging' a blank on the mandrel, and mechanism for advancing and rotating said means.

19. In asvvaging-machihe, the combination with a suitable stationary support, of independent cooperating sWages mounted in said support so as to be capable of rocking in a plane parallel to the axis of the article operated on, driven rolls each provided with a se- IOO IIO

rios ol projections adapted to engage said l ln testimony whereof I, the said Rio/HARD :swingen :ind nctunto the szimo, sind constantly- CRAWSHAW, have hereunto set my hund. acting-mechanismfor hoth rotating` the` blank Y i 111s Y und ndifnnoing' the simio to the swzigos, said RHIARDmkbRAl/l HAW' mechanism including self-acting means for VNDGSSQS;

permitting` the blank to romain stationary l ROBERT C. ToTTiiN, when gripped by the swzigos. l F. n ENTER 

